IEC 62660-2：2010Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

试验项目

章节号

标准要求

Test temperature

4.4

If not otherwise defined, before each test the cell shall be stabilized at the test temperature for a minimum of 12 h. This period can be reduced if thermal stabilization is reached. Thermal stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the change of cell temperature is lower than 1 K.

Unless otherwise stated in this standard, cells shall be tested at room temperature using the method declared by the manufacturer.

SOC adjustment

5.3

The test cells shall be charged as specified below. The SOC adjustment is the procedure to be followed for preparing cells to the various SOCs for the tests in this standard.

Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.

Step 2 – The cell shall be left at rest at room temperature in accordance with 4.4.

Step 3 – The cell shall be discharged at a constant current according to Table 1 for (100 – n)/100× 3 h for BEV application and (100 – n)/100 ×1 h for HEV application, where n is SOC (%) to be adjusted for each test.

Vibration

6.1.1

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to vibration assumed in the use of vehicle.

6.1.1.1 Test

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application, and to 80 % for HEV application in accordance with 5.3.

b) Perform the test referring to IEC 60068-2-64 random vibration. Use test duration of 8 h for each plane of the test cell.

c) The r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 27,8 m/s2. The power spectrum density (PSD) vs. frequency is shown in Figure 2 and Table 2. The maximum frequency shall be 2 000 Hz.

Figure 2 – PSD of acceleration vs. frequency

Table 2 – Values for PSD and frequency

6.1.1.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

· cell voltage and capacity at the beginning and at the end of the test;

· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7.

Mechanical shock

6.1.2

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to mechanical shocks assumed in the use of vehicle.

6.1.2.1 Test

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application and to 80 % for HEV application in accordance with 5.3.

b) Perform the test in accordance with ISO 16750-3 as shown in Table 3. Acceleration from the shock in the test shall be applied in the same direction as the acceleration of the shock that occurs in the vehicle. If the direction of the effect is not known, the cell shall be tested in all six spatial directions.

Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters

NOTE If more severe test parameters are requested by any regulation, such test conditions may be applied.

6.1.2.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

· cell voltage and capacity at the beginning and at the end of the test;

· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in 7.

Crush

6.1.3

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to external load forces that may cause deformation.

6.1.3.1 Test

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application and 80 % for HEV application in accordance with 5.3.

b) The cell shall be placed on an insulated flat surface and be crushed with a crushing tool of round or semicircular bar, or sphere or hemisphere with a 150 mm diameter. It is recommended to use the round bar to crush a cylindrical cell, and the sphere for a prismatic cell (see Figure 3). The force for the crushing shall be applied in direction nearly perpendicular to a layered face of positive and negative electrodes inside cell. The crushing tool shall be selected so that the cell is deformed nearly in proportion to the increase of crushing force.

c) The force shall be released when an abrupt voltage drop of one-third of the original cell voltage occurs, or a deformation of 15 % or more of initial cell dimension occurs, or the force of 1 000 times the weight of cell applied. The cells remain on test for 24 h or until the case temperature declines by 20 % of the maximum temperature rise, whichever is the sooner.

Figure 3 – Example of crush test

6.1.3.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

· form of crushing tool;

· crushing speed;

· cell voltage during the test;

· cell temperature during the test;

· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7

High temperature endurance

6.2.1

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to high-temperature environment.

6.2.1.1 Test

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application, and to 80 % for HEV application in accordance with 5.3.

b) The cell, stabilized at room temperature, shall be placed in a gravity or circulating airconvection oven. The oven temperature shall be raised at a rate of 5 K/min to a temperature of 130 °C ± 2 K. The cell shall remain at this temperature for 30 min before the test is discontinued.

NOTE If necessary, to prevent deformation, the cell may be maintained during the test in a manner that does not violate the test purpose.

6.2.1.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

l         conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7.

It is recommended to measure the cell temperature and voltage, and oven temperature during the test.

Temperature cycling

6.2.2

This test is performed to characterize thermal durability of cell by exposing at low and high temperature environment alternately to cause expansion and contraction of cell components.

6.2.2.1 Test

Either of the test procedures specified in 6.2.2.1.1 or 6.2.2.1.2 shall be performed according to the agreement between the customer and the manufacturer.

6.2.2.1.1 Test without electrical operation

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application, and to 80 % for HEV application in accordance with 5.3.

b) Perform the temperature cycling in accordance with ISO 16750-4 as shown in Table 4. The minimum operating temperature shall be –40 °C or Tmin specified by the manufacturer and the maximum operating temperature shall be 85 °C or Tmax specified by the manufacturer. Perform 30 test cycles as specified.

Table 4 – Temperatures and time duration for temperature cycling

6.2.2.1.2 Test with electrical operation

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 80 % for BEV application, and to 60 % for HEV application in accordance with 5.3.

b) Perform the temperature cycling in accordance with ISO 16750-4 as shown in Table 5. The minimum operating temperature shall be –20 °C and the maximum operating

temperature shall be 65 °C.

c) Perform the following current profiles during each temperature cycle:

– BEV current profile in accordance with Figure 4 and Table 6;

– HEV current profile in accordance with Figure 6 and Table 7.

d) Perform 30 test cycles as specified.

Table 5 – Temperatures and time duration for temperature cycling

Figure 4 – BEV current profile for temperature cycling

Table 6 – Test steps and BEV current profile

Figure 5 – SOC level over all test cycles – BEV application

Figure 5 shows the SOC level over the cumulative test time for a BEV application.

Figure 6 – HEV current profile for temperature cycling

Table 7 – Test steps and HEV current profile

6.2.2.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

· cell voltage and capacity at the beginning and at the end of the test;

· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7;

· cell voltage, current and temperature shall be continuously recorded during each cycle.

Electrical test

6.3

NOTE If necessary, to prevent deformation, the cell may be maintained during the test in a manner that does not violate the test purpose.

6.3.1 External short circuit

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to external short circuit.

6.3.1.1 Test

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % in accordance with 5.3.

b) Adjusted cell as above a) shall be stored at room temperature, and be then short-circuited by connecting the positive and negative terminals with an external resistance for 10 min. A total external resistance shall be equal to or less than 5 mW as agreed between the customer and the manufacturer.

6.3.1.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results; the sample rate for voltage and

current recording shall be ≤ 10 ms:

l         cell voltage during the test;

l         cell current during the test. If the accuracy deviates from the requirements of 4.3, it shall be reported;

l          cell temperature during the test;

l         total external resistance value

l         conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7.

Overcharge

6.3.2

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to overcharge.

6.3.2.1 Test

The test shall be performed as follows.

a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % in accordance with 5.3.

b) Continue charging the cell beyond the 100 % SOC with charging current 1 It for BEV application and 5 It for HEV application at room temperature using a power supply sufficient to provide the constant charging current. The overcharge test shall be discontinued when the voltage of cell reaches twice the maximum voltage specified by the manufacturer, or the quantity of electricity applied to the cell reaches 200 % SOC equivalent.

6.3.2.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

· cell voltage during the test;

· cell current during the test;

· cell temperature during the test;

· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7.

Forced discharge

6.3.3

This test is performed to characterize cell responses to over discharge.

6.3.3.1 Test

Discharge a fully discharged cell at 1 It A for 90 min.

6.3.3.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

· cell voltage during the test;

· cell current during the test;

· cell temperature during the test;

· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in Clause 7.

Description of test results

7

The results of tests specified in this standard shall be recorded with the descriptions in Table 8. Each test result may include multiple descriptions. The test results may be described with relevant materials such as photos.

Table 8 – Test result description