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标准项目
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章节号
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标准内容
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Overcharge
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5.1.1
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5.1.1 a) Overcharge (test options 1 and 2)
Purpose
This test evaluates the ability of a RECHARGEABLE BATTERY to withstand an overcharge condition.
Test
Each FULLY CHARGED BATTERY is to be subjected to a constant charging current at a maximum possible, but not exceeding, 1C rate, using a supply voltage sufficient to maintain the before described current throughout the duration of the test. The voltage of BATTERIES and charging current are to be recorded. The temperature is to be measured on the BATTERY casing.
Overcharge until the BATTERY explodes, vents or the temperature of the outer casing reaches steady state conditions or returns to ambient temperature.
Criteria
No disassembly, no fire.
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5.1.1 b) Overcharge (test option 1)
See subclause 38.3.4.7 of UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Manual of Test and Criteria (Test 7, “Overcharge”).
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External short circuit
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5.1.2
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5.1.2 a) External short circuit (test options 1 and 2)
Purpose
This test simulates a SHORT CIRCUIT external to the BATTERY.
Test
Each FULLY CHARGED BATTERY is to be SHORT CIRCUITED by connecting the positive and negative terminals of the BATTERY with a suitable wire connection of negligible impedance not exceeding 10 mΩ.
The BATTERY is to be discharged until a fire or explosion is obtained, or until it is completely discharged, or until the BATTERY case temperature has peaked or reached a STEADY STATE CONDITION. The BATTERY must be observed for a further 6 hours for the test to be
concluded.
Criteria
No disassembly, no fire. The temperature of the BATTERY casing shall not exceed 150℃ within 6 hours.
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5.1.2 b) External short circuit (test option 1)
See subclause 38.3.4.5 of UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Manual of Test and Criteria (Test 5, “External short circuit”).
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Vibration endurance
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5.1.3
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5.1.3 a) Vibration endurance (test options 1 and 2)
Purpose
This test simulates vibration as experienced during the operation of LEV.
Test
While vibrated, each FULLY CHARGED BATTERY is to be discharged according to the manufacturer’s recommended minimum discharge voltage at the manufacturer’s recommended maximum continuous discharge current.
The vibration shall have a sinusoidal waveform with a logarithmic sweep between 7 Hz and 200 Hz and back to 7 Hz traversed in 15 minutes. This cycle shall be repeated 12 times for a total of 3 hours for each of three mutually perpendicular directions. One of the directions of vibration must be perpendicular to the terminal face.
The logarithmic frequency sweep is as follows: from 7 Hz peak acceleration of 1 gn is maintained until 18 Hz is reached. The amplitude is then maintained at 0.8 mm (1.6 mm total excursion) and the frequency increased until a peak acceleration of 8 gn occurs (approximately 50 Hz). A peak acceleration of 8 gn is then maintained until the frequency
is increased to 200 Hz.
NOTE – Symbol “gn” stands for standard acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2).
Criteria
No leakage, no venting, no disassembly, no fire, no rupture.
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5.1.3 b) Vibration (test option 1)
See subclause 38.3.4.3 of UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods -Manual of Test and Criteria (Test 3, “Vibration”).
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Partial short circuit (test options 1 and 2)
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5.1.4
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Purpose
The partial SHORT CIRCUIT test is designed to evaluate the effects of SHORT CIRCUITS that internally occur across a significant portion of the BATTERY during charging.
Test
The BATTERY shall be tested at ambient temperature. Each FULLY DISCHARGED BATTERY is to be charged with the designated charger or defined charge pattern provided by the manufacturer. After the charging current reaches steady-state condition, the adjacent CELLS as described below are to be SHORT CIRCUITED with a suitable wire connection of
negligible impedance not exceeding 10 mΩ.
Charge until the BATTERY explodes, vents or the temperature of the outer casing reaches STEADY STATE CONDITIONS or returns to ambient temperature.
Number and location of cells to be SHORT CIRCUITED shall follow Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 – Number and location of CELLS to be SHORT CIRCUITED
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Battery with 2-5
CELLS in series
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Battery with 6-10
CELLS in series
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Battery with 11-
15 CELLS in
series
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Battery with >15
CELLS in series
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SHORT CIRCUIT of one centrally located CELL
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SHORT CIRCUIT of two centrally
located adjacent CELLS
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SHORT CIRCUIT of three centrally located adjacent CELLS
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SHORT CIRCUIT of four centrally located adjacent CELLS
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NOTE – If the BATTERY contains parallel strings SHORT CIRCUITING of CELL(S) is only required in one string.
Criteria
No disassembly, no fire.
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Crush (test options 1 and 2)
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5.2.1
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Purpose
This test evaluates the ability of a RECHARGEABLE BATTERY to withstand a mechanical damage caused e.g. by a traffic accident, or being dropped during transport between the vehicle and the charge location, or the BATTERY exposed to external forces like in a trash compactor.
Test
This test shall be conducted with two sample orientations. FULLY CHARGED BATTERIES are to be used. A test stamp (see Figure D.3) is used to crush the BATTERIES. In the first orientation the BATTERIES (one FRESH BATTERY, and one BATTERY after 50 CYCLES, see Table 4.1) will be placed with the longest side flat on the test stand (as pictured in Figure D.1) and crushed with the test stamp in the center with a speed of 15 mm/s ± 5 mm/s not exceeding a peak force on the test stamp of 100 kN. The stamp shall stop automatically after it has reached 30 % compression depth of the ENCLOSURE. In the second orientation the test will be repeated with the BATTERIES (one FRESH BATTERY, and one BATTERY after 50 CYCLES, see Table 4.1) "standing" on the narrower side as shown in Figure D.2.
The voltage of BATTERIES and the crush force are to be recorded. The temperature is to be measured on the BATTERY ENCLOSURE. The test shall be continued until:
l The test stamp has compressed the ENCLOSURE by 30 % depth, the temperature of the outer ENCLOSURE reaches steady state conditions or returns to ambient temperature, or
l The BATTERY explodes or vents.
Criteria
No disassembly, no fire.
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Shock(test options 1 and 2)
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5.2.2
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See subclause 38.3.4.4 of UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods -Manual of Test and Criteria (Test 4, “Shock”).
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Drop (test options 1 and 2)
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5.2.3
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Purpose
This test simulates dropping of a BATTERY by a user (for example, portable, swappable user exchangeable BATTERY types).
NOTE – Such situations are likely to occur during the charging procedure in vehicles without integrated charger.
Test
Each sample is to be freely dropped from a height of 1 m on a flat surface made of concrete in the position that is most likely to produce the most adverse result. Each sample is to be dropped three times.
Criteria
No fire, no disassembly, no rupture.
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Low pressure test (test options 1 and 2)
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5.3.1
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See subclause 38.3.4.1 of UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods -Manual of Test and Criteria (Test 1, “Altitude simulation”).
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Thermal test (test options 1 and 2)
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5.3.2
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See subclause 38.3.4.2 of UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Manual of Test and Criteria (Test 2, “Thermal test”).
NOTE – This test can be performed in a single chamber whose temperature is changed or in three separate chambers at different test temperatures.
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