B. How can batteries be effectively protected against short circuit?
B—在IATA DGR 规定中，如何对电池进行有效的防短路保护？
Methods to protect against short circuit include, but are not limited to, the following methods:
防止电池短路包括但不限于以下方法：
a. Packing each battery or each battery-powered device when practicable, in fully enclosed inner packagings made of non-conductive material (such as a plastic bag);
在可行的情况下，用非导电材料（如塑料袋）制成的完全封闭的内包装来装每个电池或每个电池动力设备；
b. Separating or packing batteries in a manner to prevent contact with other batteries, devices or conductive materials (e.g., metal) in the packagings; and
使用适当的方式对电池进行隔离或包装，使其无法与包装件内的其他电池、设备或导电材料（如金属）相互接触，并且；
c. Ensuring exposed terminals or connectors are protected with non-conductive caps, non-conductive tape, or by other appropriate means.
对裸露的电极或插头使用不导电的保护帽、绝缘带或其他适当的方式进行保护。
If not impact resistant, the outer packaging should not be used as the sole means of protecting the battery terminals from damage or short-circuiting. Batteries should be securely cushioned and packed to prevent shifting which could loosen terminal caps or reorient the terminals to produce short circuits.
如果外包装不能抵挡碰撞，那么就不能仅使用外包装作为防止电池电极破损或短路的唯一措施。电池还应使用衬垫防止移动，否则由于移动导致的电极帽松动，或者电极改变方向易引起短路。
Terminal protection methods include but are not limited to the following:
电极保护方法包括但不限于以下措施：
a. Securely attaching covers of sufficient strength to protect the terminals;
将电极牢固地附上有足够强度的盖；
b. Packaging the battery in a rigid plastic packaging; and
将电池包装在刚性塑料包装内；并且
c. Constructing the battery with terminals that are recessed or otherwise protected so that the terminals will not be subjected to damage if the package is dropped.
电池电极使用凹陷设计或有其他保护方式，这样即使包装件跌落电极也不会破损。