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试验项目
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章节号
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标准要求
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Marking
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2.3
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Each cell or monobloc shall carry durable markings giving the following minimum information:
_ type of cell (designation as specified in 2.1; in addition, it is permissible for a manufacturer to use his own type designation);
_ name or identification of manufacturer or supplier;
_ positive terminal: either a red washer or an indented or raised symbol, (see graphical symbol 5005 of IEC 60417).
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Dimensions
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3
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Charging procedure for test purposes
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4.1
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Prior to charging, the cells shall have been discharged at 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 ItA, down to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the charge preceding the various discharge tests scheduled, shall be carried out in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and at a constant current of 0,2 ItA. The duration of the charge shall be 7 h to 8 h.
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Discharge performance at 20 °C
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4.2.1
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The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. It shall then be discharged in the same ambient temperature and as specified in table 3. The duration of discharge shall be not less than the minimum specified in table 3.
Table 3 – Discharge performance at 20 °C
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
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Rate of constant
current
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Final
voltage
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Cell designation
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A
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V
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L
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M
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H
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X
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0,2Ita
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1.0
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5h
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5h
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5h
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5h
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1,0 It
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1.0
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-
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40min
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50min
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55min
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5.0 Itb
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0.8
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-
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-
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4min
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7min
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10.0 Itb
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0.8
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-
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-
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-
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2min
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a Five cycles are permitted for this test which shall, however, be terminated at the end of the first cycle which meets the requirement
b Before the 5 It A and the 10 It A discharge tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging and discharging at 0,2 It A in accordance with 4.1 and 4.2.1.
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Discharge performance at +5 °C
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4.2.2
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The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of +5 °C ± 2 °C, for 24 h. Means shall be provided to ensure that the electrolyte temperature has reached +5 °C _ 2 °C within 24 h. It shall then be discharged in the same ambient temperature and as specified in table 4. The duration of discharge shall be not less than the minimum specified in table 4.
Table 4 – Discharge performance at +5 °C
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
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Rate of constant
current
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Final
voltage
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Cell designation
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A
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V
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L
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M
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H
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X
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0,2It
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1.0
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4h15min
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4h25min
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4h35min
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4h45min
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1,0 It
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1.0
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-
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31min
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43min
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52min
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2.0 Ita
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1.0
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-
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-
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12min
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22min
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5.0 Ita
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0.8
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-
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-
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-
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5min30s
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a Before the 2 ItA and 5 ItA tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging and discharging at 0,2 ItA, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, according to 4.1 and 4.2.1.
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Discharge performance at –18 °C
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4.2.3
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The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored in an ambient temperature of –18 °C ± 2 °C, for 24 h. Means shall be provided to ensure that the electrolyte temperature has reached –18 °C _ 2 °C within 24 h. It shall then be discharged in the same ambient temperature and as specified in table 5. The duration of discharge shall be not less than the minimum specified in table 5.
Table 5 – Discharge performance at –18 °C
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
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Rate of constant
current
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Final
voltage
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Cell designation
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A
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V
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L
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M
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H
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X
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0,2It
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1.0
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2h30min
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3h
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3h30min
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4h
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1,0 It
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0.9
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-
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15min
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25min
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35min
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2.0 Ita
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0.9
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-
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-
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7min30s
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12min
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5.0 Ita
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0.8
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-
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-
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-
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3min30s
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a Before the 2 ItA and 5 ItA discharge tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging and discharging at 0,2 ItA, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, according to 4.1 and 4.2.1.
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High rate current test
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4.2.4
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4.2.4.1 Test method
The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. It shall then be discharged for 5 s in the same ambient temperature and at the currents given in table 6. During the discharge the terminal voltage shall be recorded.
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Cell type
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Rate of constant current
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L
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6 ItA
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M
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10 ItA
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H
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15 ItA
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X
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20 ItA
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4.2.4.2 Acceptance criteria
No fusing, no deformation of cell case, no deformation of internal cell components shall be observed. In addition, the cell voltage during the discharge should show no discontinuity.
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Charge retention
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4.3
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The charge retention shall be verified by the following test:
After charging in accordance with 4.1, the cell shall be stored on open circuit for 28 days. The average ambient temperature shall be 20 °C ± 2 °C. The temperature may be allowed to vary within the range of 20 °C ± 5 °C for short periods during the storage.
The cell shall then be discharged under the conditions specified in 4.2.1 at a rate of 0,2 ItA.
The duration of the discharge shall be not less than 4 h.
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Endurance in cycles
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4.4.1
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4.4.1.1 Test conditions
The endurance test shall be carried out in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. Precautions shall be taken to prevent the electrolyte temperature from rising above +40 °C during the test, for example by providing a forced air draught if necessary. The electrolyte may be topped up during the test with deionized or distilled water to the level recommended by the manufacturer. The electrolyte may be changed if at any time its characteristics no longer comply with the manufacturer's recommendation.
The cell shall be prepared in accordance with 4.1.
4.4.1.2 Cycles 1 to 50
The cycling shall be carried out under the conditions specified in table 7. Charge and discharge shall be carried out at constant current throughout. Cycling shall be continuous, except that it is permissible to allow the cell to stand for a short period at the end of discharge of each 49th and 50th cycle in order to start the next 50-cycle sequence at a convenient time.
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Discharge
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1
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0,25ItA for 6h
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0,25ItA for 3h30 min
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2-48
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0,25ItA for 3h30 min
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0,25ItA for 3h30 min
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49
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0,25ItA for 3h30min
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0,2ItA to 1.0V
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50
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0,2ItA for 7h to 8h
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0,2ItA to 1.0V
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4.4.1.3 Acceptance criterion
Cycles 1 to 50 shall be repeated until the discharge duration on any 50th cycle becomes less than 3 h 30 min. At this stage, a further cycle shall be carried out in accordance with 4.2.1 at a rate of 0,2 ItA.
The endurance test is considered complete when two such successive cycles give a discharge duration less than 3 h 30 min.
The number of cycles obtained when the test is completed shall be not less than 500.
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Charge acceptance at constant voltage
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4.5
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The cell shall have been discharged in accordance with 4.1.
The cell shall then be charged at a constant voltage as specified in table 8.
Table 8 – Constant voltage charging conditions
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Cell type
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Charge voltage V
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KX
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1.425± 0,005
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KM and KH
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1.455± 0,005
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KL
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1.495± 0,005
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The charging current shall be limited to 0,2 ItA and the ambient temperature shall be 20 °C ± 5 °C. The duration of the charge shall be 24 h. After charging, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h. It shall then be discharged under the conditions specified in 4.2.1 at a rate of 0,2 ItA.
The duration of discharge shall be not less than 4 h.
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Electrolyte retention test
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4.8
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During charge, gases are generated within the cell, and electrolyte will be carried in a fine spray in this gas flow resulting in loss of electrolyte to the atmosphere. To prevent these losses, baffles are inserted within the cell or within the venting system that closes the cell. This test is to evaluate the ability of a cell to prevent electrolyte losses.
4.8.1 Test procedure
Prior to the test the electrolyte level shall have been adjusted to the maximum level according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. The charge shall be continued, at a constant current of 0,05 ItA, for 2 h. The gas coming out of the vent during the 2 h overcharge shall be collected into three collection bottles connected in series and filled with a solution of sulphuric acid of 1/200 mol/l. After the overcharge the quantity of potassium hydroxide absorbed in the sulphuric acid solution shall be measured.
4.8.2 Acceptance criteria:
The total amount of entrained potassium hydroxide shall be not more than 0,05 mg/Ah overcharge.
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Storage
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4.9
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The cells shall be prepared for storage according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cells shall then be stored for a period of 12 months in an average ambient temperature of 20 °C±5 °C and at a relative humidity of 65 % ±20 %. During the storage period the ambient temperature shall not at any time fluctuate beyond the limits of 20 °C ±10 °C.
After completion of the storage period, the cells shall be prepared for use according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cells are then subjected to the tests specified in 4.2.1 and shall meet all the requirements of that subclause.
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