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试验项目
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章节号
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标准要求
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Marking
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2.3
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Each cell shall carry durable markings giving the following minimum information:
l designation as specified in 2.1, (in addition, it is permissible for a manufacturer to use his own type designation);
l name or identification of manufacturer or supplier;
positive terminal: either a red washer or an indented or raised symbol, (see graphicalsymbol 5005 of IEC 60417).
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Dimensions
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3
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Charging procedure for test purposes
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4.1
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Prior to charging, the cells shall have been discharged at 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A, down to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the charge, preceding the various discharge tests scheduled, shall be carried out in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and at a constant current of 0,1 It A. The duration of the charge shall be 14 h to 16 h.
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Discharge performance at 20 °C
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4.2.1
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4.2.1.1 Test procedure
The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h. It shall then be discharged in the same ambient temperature and as specified in Table 3.
Table 3 – Discharge performance at 20 °C
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
h / min / s
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Rate of constant
current
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Final
voltage
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Cell designation
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A
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V
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L
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M
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H
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X
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0,2Ita
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1.0
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5h
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5h
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5h
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5h
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1,0 It
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1.0
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-
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38min
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48min
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54min
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5.0 Itb
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0.8
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-
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-
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2min30s
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6min30s
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10.0 Itb
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0.8
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-
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-
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-
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1min30s
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a Five cycles are permitted for this test which shall, however, be terminated at the end of the first cycle which meets the requirement
b Before the 5 It A and the 10 It A discharge tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging and discharging at 0,2 It A in accordance with 4.1 and 4.2.1.
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4.2.1.2 Acceptance criteria
The duration of discharge shall be not less than the minimum specified in Table 3.
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Discharge performance at +5 °C
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4.2.2
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4.2.2.1 Test procedure
The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of +5 °C ± 2 °C, for 24 h. Means must be provided to ensure that the electrolyte temperature has reached +5 °C ± 2 °C within 24 h. It shall then be discharged in the same ambient temperature and as specified in Table 4.
Table 4 – Discharge performance at +5 °C
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
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Rate of constant
current
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Final
voltage
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Cell designation
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A
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V
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L
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M
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H
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X
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0,2It
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1.0
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3h24min
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3h42min
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3h54min
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4h18min
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1,0 It
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1.0
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-
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25min
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36min
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44min
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2.0 Ita
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1.0
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-
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-
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10min
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18min30s
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3.0 Ita
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0.8
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-
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-
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-
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10min30s
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a Before the 2 It A and 3 It A tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging at 0,1 It A according to 4.1 and discharging at 0,2 It A, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, according to 4.2.1.
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4.2.2.2 Acceptance criteria
The duration of discharge shall be not less than the minimum specified in Table 4.
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Discharge performance at –18 °C
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4.2.3
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4.2.3.1 Test procedure
The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of –18 °C ± 2 °C, for 24 h. Means must be provided to ensure that the electrolyte temperature has reached –18 °C ± 2 °C within 24 h. It shall then be discharged in the same ambient temperature and as specified in Table 5.
Table 5 – Discharge performance at –18 °C
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
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Rate of constant
current
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Final
voltage
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Cell designation
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A
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V
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L
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M
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H
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X
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0,2It
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1.0
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2h8min
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2h24min
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2h39min
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2h54min
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1,0 It
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0.9
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-
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12min
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21min
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27min
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2.0 Ita
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0.9
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-
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-
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6min
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9min
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3.0 Ita
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0.8
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-
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-
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-
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4min
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a Before the 2 It A and 3 It A discharge tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary.This cycle shall consist of charging at 0,1 It A according to 4.1 and discharging at 0,2 It A, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C according to 4.2.1.
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4.2.3.2 Acceptance criteria
The duration of discharge shall be not less than the minimum specified in Table 5.
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High rate current test
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4.2.4
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This test is to evaluate the ability of a cell to withstand high currents.
4.2.4.1 Test method
The cell shall have been charged in accordance with 4.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. It shall then be discharged for 5 s in the same ambient temperature and at the currents given in
table 6. During the discharge the terminal voltage shall be recorded.
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Cell type
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Rate of constant current
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L
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6 ItA
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M
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10 ItA
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H
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15 ItA
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X
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20 ItA
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4.2.4.2 Acceptance criteria
No fusing, no deformation of cell case, no deformation of internal cell components shall be observed. In addition, the cell voltage during the discharge should show no discontinuity.
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Charge retention
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4.3
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The charge retention shall be verified by the following test:
After charging in accordance with 4.1, the cell shall be stored on open circuit for 28 days. The average ambient temperature shall be 20 °C ± 2 °C. The temperature may be allowed to vary within the range of 20 °C ± 5 °C for short periods during the storage.
The cell shall then be discharged under the conditions specified in 4.2.1 at a rate of 0,2 ItA.
The duration of the discharge shall be not less than 3 h15min
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Endurance in cycles
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4.4.1
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4.4.1.1 Test conditions
The endurance test shall be carried out in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. Precautions shall be taken to prevent the electrolyte temperature from rising above +35 °C during the test, by providing a forced air draught if necessary.
Before the first cycle, the cell shall have been discharged at a constant current of 0,2 It A toa final voltage of 1,0 V.
4.4.1.2 Cycles 1 to 49
The cycling shall be carried out under the conditions specified in table 7. Charge and discharge shall be carried out at constant current throughout. Cycling shall be continuous, except that it is permissible to allow the cell to stand for a short period at the end of discharge of each 49th and 50th cycle in order to start the next 50-cycle sequence at a convenient time.
Table 7 – Endurance in cycles
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Discharge
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1
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0.11ItA for14h
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0,2ItA for 3h
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2-48
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0,2ItA for 3h45 min
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0,2ItA for 3h
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49
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0,2ItA for 3h45min
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0,2ItA to 1.0V
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4.4.1.3 Cycle 50
The cell shall be charged in accordance with 4.1 and the capacity test shall be carried out asspecified in 4.2.1 and at a discharge rate of 0,2 It A.
4.4.1.4Acceptance criterion
Cycles 1 to 50 shall be repeated until the discharge duration on any 50th cycle becomes less than 3 h. At this stage, a further cycle shall be carried out in accordance with 4.2.1 at a rate of 0,2 It A.
The endurance test is considered complete when two such successive capacity measurementcycles give a discharge duration of less than 3 h.
The number of cycles obtained when the test is completed shall be not less than 400.Leakage of liquid electrolyte shall not occur during this test
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Permanent charge enduran
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4.4.2
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The cell shall have been prepared in accordance with 4.1.
This shall be immediately followed by charging the cell at 0,02 It A for a period of 91 days.The cell shall then be discharged at 0,2 It A as specified in 4.2.1. This cycle shall be repeated three times. A short delay between cycles should be allowed in order to start a new cycle at a convenient time.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the cell case temperature from rising above 30 °C during the test, e.g. by spacing the cells or providing a forced air draught if necessary.
The duration of discharge obtained after the completion of four subsequent cycles as defined above shall be not less than 4 h 15 min. Leakage of liquid electrolyte shall not occur during this test.
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Charge acceptance at constant voltage
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4.5
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This standard does not specify a charge acceptance test at constant voltage.
Charging at constant voltage is not recommended.
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Overcharge
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4.6
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The cell shall have been prepared in accordance with 4.1.
This shall be immediately followed by charging the cell at a constant current of 0,03 It A, for 28 days, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the cell case temperature from rising above 30 °C during the test, e.g. by spacing the cells or providing a forced air draught if necessary.
After this charging operation, the cell shall be stored in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h.
The cell shall then be discharged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C at a constant current of 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The duration of discharge shall be not less than 4 h 15 min. Leakage of liquid electrolyte shall not occur during this test.
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Safety device operation
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4.7
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Warning: EXTREME CAUTION SHALL BE EXERCISED WHEN CARRYING OUT THIS TEST ! CELLS SHALL BE TESTED INDIVIDUALLY, AND IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT CELLS FAILINGTO MEET THE REQUIREMENT COULD BURST WITH EXPLOSIVE FORCE EVEN AFTER THECELL HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED FROM THE CHARGE CURRENT.
FOR THIS REASON, THE TEST SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN A PROTECTIVE CHAMBER.
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Where a cell is fitted with a safety device, the following test shall be carried out in order to establish if it will allow the escape of gas when the internal pressure exceeds a critical value.i.e. that pressure at which the safety device must operate.
The cell shall undergo a forced discharge in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 0,0 V.
The current shall then be increased to 1 It A and the forced discharge continued in the same ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C for 30 min.
During and at the end of this discharge the cell shall not disrupt or burst. Leakage of electrolyte and deformation of the cell are acceptable.
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Gas leakage test
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4.8
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The cell shall have been prepared in accordance with 4.1. The cell shall be further charged at a constant current of 0,02 It A. During this charge the charge voltage shall be measured at intervals of 30 min. When the voltage is stabilised the cell shall be immersed in insulating oil and the charging continued for 1 h. Then the possible emergence of gas bubbles shall be
observed for another hour with the cell still being charged.
No gas bubble shall be observed during this 1 h period.
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Storage
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4.9
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The cells shall be prepared for storage according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cells shall then be stored on open circuit, in an average ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and at a relative humidity of 65 % ± 20 %, for a period of 12 months. During the storage period the ambient temperature shall not at any time fluctuate beyond the limits of 20 °C ± 10 °C.
After completion of the storage period, the cells shall be prepared for use according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cells are then subjected to the tests specified in 4.2.1 and shall meet all the requirements of that subclause.
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