UL 1642−2015《锂电池安全标准 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Stadard for Safely Lirhium Batteries》

试验项目

章节号

标准要求

Short-Circuit Test

10

10.1 Each test sample battery, in turn, is to be short-circuited by connecting the positive and negative terminals of the battery with a circuit load having a resistance load of 80 ±20 mW. The temperature of the battery case is to be recorded during the test. The battery is to discharge until a fire or explosion is obtained, or until it has reached a completely discharged state of less than 0.2 volts and the battery case temperature has returned to ±10°C (±18°F) of ambient temperature. The voltage at the end of the test may not reach 0.2 volts due to operation of protective devices in the circuit. The return to near ambient of the battery (cell) casing in an indication of ultimate results.

10.1 revised November 25, 2009

10.2 Tests are to be conducted at 20 ±5°C (68 ±9°F) and at 55 ±5°C (131 ±9°F). The batteries are to reach equilibrium at 20 ±5°C or 55 ±5°C, as applicable, before the terminals are connected.10.3 Abattery is to be tested individually unless the manufacturer indicates that it is intended for use in series or parallel. For series or parallel use, additional tests on five sets of batteries are to be conducted using the maximum number of batteries to be covered for each configuration.

10.4 When an overcurrent protective device activates during the test, the test shall be repeated with the battery supply connected to the maximum load that does not cause the protective device to open. Protective devices that are relied upon to meet the compliance criteria for the short circuit test shall comply with2.3.1.

10.4 revised November 25, 2009

10.5 The samples shall not explode or catch fire. The temperature of the cell or battery casing shall not exceed150°C(302°F).

10.5 revised November 25, 2009

Abnormal Charging Test

11

11.1 Primary cells or batteries shall comply with 11.2 – 11.7.

11.2 Cells or batteries conditioned in accordance with Table 6.3, as applicable, are to be used for this test. The batteries are to be tested in an ambient temperature of 20 ±5°C (68 ±9°F).

11.3 Each test sample battery is to be subjected to a charging current of three times the current Ic, specified by the manufacturer by connecting it in opposition to a dc-power supply. The specified charging current is to be obtained by connecting a resistor of the specified size and rating in series with the battery. The test charging time is to be calculated using the formula: t_c=2.5C/3(Ic)

In which:

tc is the charging time in hours,

C is the capacity of the cell/battery in ampere-hours, and

Ic is the maximum charging current, in amperes, specified by the manufacturer.

The minimum charging time is to be 7 hours.

Exception: At the manufacturer’s discretion, test currents greater than the specified three times rated Ic can be applied to expedite the test timeframe, with the minimum charging time as 7 hours.

11.3 revised November 25, 2009

11.4 When a non-resettable overcurrent or protective device operates during the test, the test is to be repeated at a charge current below the level that the protective device operates. When a resettable protective device operates during the test, the protector is allowed to reset to a total of 10 cycles; or until the appropriate charging time has been completed, but not less than 7 hours. Protective devices that are relied upon to meet the compliance criteria for the abnormal charging test shall comply with2.3.1.

11.4 revised November 25, 2009

11.5 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.

11.6 Secondary cells or batteries shall comply with 11.7 – 11.10.

11.7 Cells or batteries conditioned in accordance with Table 6.4, as applicable, are to be used for this test. The batteries are to be tested in an ambient temperature of 20 ±5°C (68 ±9°F).

11.8 Each test sample battery is to be discharged at a constant current of0.2 C/1 hour, to a manufacturer specified discharge endpoint voltage. The cell or battery is then to be charged with a constant maximum specified output voltage and a current limit of three times the maximum charging current, Ic, specified by the manufacturer. Charging duration is to be 7 hours or the time required to reach the manufacturer’s specified end-of-charge condition, whichever is greater.

11.9 When a non-resettable overcurrent or protective device operates during the test, the test shall be repeated at an overcharging current below the level that the protection device operates. When a resettable protective device operates during the test, the protector is to be allowed to reset to a total of 10 cycles; or until the appropriate charging time has been completed, but not less than 7 hours. Protective devices that are relied upon to meet the compliance criteria for the abnormal charging test shall comply with2.3.1.

11.9 revised November 25, 2009

11.10 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.

Forced-Discharge Test

12

12.1 This test is intended for cells that are to be used in series-connected, multicell applications, such as

battery packs.

12.2 A fully discharged cell is to be force-discharged by connecting it in series with fully charged cells of the same kind. The number of fully charged cells to be connected in series with the discharged cell is to

equal the maximum number less one of the cells to be covered for series use. Five cells are to be fully discharged, at room temperature.

12.2 revised November 25, 2009

12.3 Once the fully discharged cell is connected in series with the specified number of fully charged cells the resultant battery pack is to be short circuited.

12.3 revised November 25, 2009

12.4 The positive and negative terminals of the sample are to be connected with a resistance load of 80±20 mW. The sample is to discharge until a fire or explosion is obtained, or until it has reached a completely discharged state of less than 0.2 volts and the battery case temperature has returned to ±10°C (18°F) of ambient temperature. The voltage at the end of the test may not reach 0.2 volts due to operation of protective devices in the circuit. The return to near ambient of the cell casing is an indication of ultimate

results.

12.4 revised November 25, 2009

12.5 When an overcurrent protective device operates during the test, the test shall be repeated with the battery supply connected to the maximum load that does not cause the protective device to open. Protective devices that are relied upon to meet the compliance criteria for the forced discharge test shall comply with2.3.1.

12.5 revised November 25, 2009

12.6 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.

Crush Test

13

13.1 A battery is to be crushed between two flat surfaces. The force for the crushing is to be applied by a hydraulic ram or similar force mechanism. The flat surfaces are to be brought in contact with the cells and the crushing is to be continued until an applied force of 13 ±1kN (3000 ±224 pounds) is reached. Once the maximum force has been obtained it is to be released.

13.1 revised November 25, 2009

13.2 A cylindrical or prismatic battery is to be crushed with its longitudinal axis parallel to the flat surfaces of the crushing apparatus. A prismatic battery is also to be rotated 90 degrees around its longitudinal axis so that both the wide and narrow sides will be subjected to the crushing force. Each sample battery is to be subjected to a crushing force in only one direction. Separate samples are to be used for each test.

13.3 A coin or button battery is to be crushed with the flat surface of the battery parallel with the flat surfaces of the crushing apparatus.

13.4 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.

Impact Test

14

14.1 A test sample battery is to be placed on a flat surface. A 15.8 ±0.1 mm (5/8 ±0.004 inch) diameter bar is to be placed across the center of the sample. A 9.1 ±0.46 kg (20 ± 1 pound) weight is to be dropped from a height of 610 ±25 mm (24 ±1 inch) onto the sample. (See Figure 14.1).

14.1 revised November 25, 2009his is generated text for figtxt.

14.2 A cylindrical or prismatic battery is to be impacted with its longitudinal axis parallel to the flat surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the15.8 mm(5/8 inch) diameter curved surface lying across

the center of the test sample. A prismatic battery is also to be rotated 90 degrees around its longitudinal axis so that both the wide and narrow sides are subjected to the impact. Each sample battery is to be subjected to only a single impact. Separate samples are to be used for each test.

14.2 revised November 25, 2009

14.3 A coin or button battery is to be impacted with the flat surface of the test sample parallel to the flat surface and the15.8 mm(5/8 inch) diameter curved surface lying across its center.

14.3 revised November 25, 2009

14.4 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.

Shock Test

15

15.1 The cell is to be secured to the testing machine by means of a rigid mount which supports all mounting surfaces of the cell. Each cell shall be subjected to a total of three shocks of equal magnitude. The shocks are to be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular directions unless it has only two axes of symmetry in which case only two directions shall be tested. Each shock is to be applied in a direction normal to the face of the cell. For each shock the cell is to be accelerated in such a manner that during the initial 3 milliseconds the minimum average acceleration is75 g(where g is the local acceleration due to gravity). The peak acceleration shall be between 125 and175 g. Cells shall be tested at a temperature of 20 ± 5°C (68 ± 9°F).

15.2 The samples shall not explode or catch fire. In addition, the sample shall not vent or leak as described in5.1.1.

Vibration Test

16

16.1 A battery is to be subjected to simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of0.8 mm(0.03 inch) [1.6mm(0.06 inch) total maximum excursion].

16.2 The frequency is to be varied at the rate of 1 hertz per minute between 10 and 55 hertz, and return in not less than 90 nor more than 100 minutes. The battery is to be tested in three mutually perpendicular directions. For a battery that has only two axes of symmetry, the battery is to be tested perpendicular to each axis.

16.3 The samples shall not explode or catch fire. In addition the sample shall not vent or leak as described in5.1.1.

Heating Test

17

17.1 A battery is to be heated in a gravity convection or circulating air oven with an initial temperature of 20 ±5°C (68 ±9°F). The temperature of the oven is to be raised at a rate of 5 ±2°C (9 ±3.6°F) per minute to a temperature of 130 ±2°C (266 ±3.6°F) and remain for 10 minutes. The sample shall return to room temperature (20 ±5°C) and then be examined. For batteries specified for temperatures above100°C(212°F), the conditioning temperature shall be increased from 130 ±2°C, to 30 ±2°C (86 ±3.6°F) above the manufacturers maximum specified temperature. For a battery of lithium metal chemistry, the conditioning temperature shall be increased to a maximum of 170 ±2°C (338 ±3.6°F).

17.1 revised November 25, 2009

17.2 The samples shall not explode or catch fire.

Temperature Cycling Test

18

18.1 The batteries are to be placed in a test chamber and subjected to the following cycles:

a) Raising the chamber-temperature to 70 ±3°C (158 ±5°F) within 30 minutes and maintaining this temperature for 4 hours.

b) Reducing the chamber temperature to 20 ±3°C (68 ±5°F) within 30 minutes and maintaining this temperature for 2 hours.

c) Reducing the chamber temperature to minus 40 ±3°C (minus 40 ±5°F) within 30 minutes and maintaining this temperature for 4 hours.

d) Raising the chamber temperature to 20 ±3°C (68 ±5°F) within 30 minutes.

e) Repeating the sequence for a further 9 cycles.

f) After the 10th cycle, storing the batteries for a minimum of 24 hours, at a temperature of 20±5°C (68 ±9°F) prior to examination.

18.2 The samples shall not explode or catch fire. In addition, the samples shall not vent or leak as described in5.1.1.

Low Pressure (Altitude Simulation) Test

19

19.1 Sample batteries are to be stored for 6 hours at an absolute pressure of 11.6 kPa (1.68 psi) and a temperature of 20 ± 3°C (68 ± 5°F).

19.2 The samples shall not explode or catch fire as a result of the Low Pressure (Altitude Simulation) Test. In addition, the samples shall not vent or leak as described in5.1.1.

Projectile Test

20

20.1 When subjected to the test de cribed in 20.2 – 20.5 no part of an exploding cell or battery shall penetrate the wire screen such that some or all of the cell or battery protrudes through the screen.

20.2 Each test sample cell or battery is to be placed on a screen that covers a102 mm(4 inch) diameter hole in the center of a platform table. The screen is to be constructed of steel wire mesh having 20 openings per inch (25.4 mm) and a wire diameter of 0.017 inch (0.43 mm).

20.3 The screen is to be mounted38 mm(1-1/2 inch) above a burner. The fuel and air flow rates are to be set to provide a bright blue flame that causes the supporting screen to glow a bright red.

20.4 An eight-sided covered wire cage,610 mm(2 feet) across and305 mm(1 foot) high, made from metal screening is to be placed over the test sample. See Figure 20.1. The metal screening is to be constructed from0.25 mm(0.010 inch) diameter aluminum wire with 16 – 18 wires per inch (25.4 mm) in each direction

20.5 The sample is to be heated and shall remain on the screen until it explodes or the cell or battery has ignited and burned out. It is not required to secure the sample in place unless it is at risk of falling off the screen before the test is completed. When required, the sample shall be secured to the screen with a single wire tied around the sample.