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试验项目
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章节号
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标准要求
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Discharge performance at 20 °C
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7.2.1
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The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h.
The cell shall then be discharged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and as specified in Tables 5 or 6. The duration of discharge shall be not less than the values specified in Tables 5 or 6.
The 0,2 It A discharge test is performed in order to verify the declared rated capacity of the cell.
Table 5 – Discharge performance at 20 °C for small prismatic cells and cylindrical cells
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
h/min
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Rate of onstant current
A
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Final voltage
V
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Cell Rate of ll designation
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L/LT
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M/MT
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H/HT
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X
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0,2 It a
1,0 It
5,0 It b
10,0 It b
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1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
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5h
—
—
—
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5h
42min
—
—
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5h
48min
6min
—
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5h
54min
9min
4min
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aFive cycles are permitted for this test. The test shall be terminated at the end of the first cycle which meets the requirement.
b Prior to the 5 It A and 10 It A tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging at 0,1 It A in accordance with 7.1 and discharging at 0,2 It A in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C according to 7.2.1.
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Table 6 – Discharge performance at 20 °C for button cells
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum
discharge duration
h/min
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Rate of constant current
A
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Final voltage
V
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0,2 It a
1,0 It
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1,0
0,9
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5 h
35 min
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a Five cycles are permitted for this test. The test shall be terminated at the end of the first cycle which meets the requirement.
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Discharge performance at 0 °C
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7.2.2
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The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1. After charging, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of 0 °C ± 2 °C for not less than 16 h and not more than 24 h.
The cell shall then be discharged in an ambient temperature of 0 °C ± 2 °C and as specified in Tables 7 or 8. The duration of discharge shall be not less than the values specified in Tables 7 or 8.
Table 7 – Discharge performance at 0 °C for small prismatic cells and cylindrical cells
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum discharge duration
h/min
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Rate of onstant current A
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Final voltage
V
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Cell Rate of ll designation
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L/LT
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M/MT
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H/HT
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X
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0,2 It a
1,0 It
2,0 It b
3,0 It b
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1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
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2h
—
—
—
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4h
36min
—
—
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4h
42min
15min
—
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4 h 30 min
48 min
21 min
12 min
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a Prior to the 2,0 It A and 3,0 It A tests, a conditioning cycle may be included if necessary. This cycle shall consist of charging at 0,1 It A in accordance with 7.1 and discharging at 0,2 It A in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C according to 7.2.1.
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Table 8 – Discharge performance at 0 °C for button cells
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Discharge conditions
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Minimum
discharge duration
h/min
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Rate of constant current
A
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Final voltage
V
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0,2 It
1,0 It
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1,0
0,9
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4 h
27min
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Discharge performance for rapid charge cells (R cells)
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7.2.3
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R cells shall be charged at a constant current of 1,0 It A for 1,2 h or other appropriate charge termination method as recommended by the cell manufacturer, followed by a charge at 0,1 It A for 2 h, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. After charging, the cell shall be stored and discharged as specified in 7.2.1 and 7.2.2.
The duration of discharge shall be not less than the values specified in Table 5 for discharge at 20 °C ± 5 °C and in Table 7 for discharge at 0 °C ± 2 °C.
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Charge (capacity) retention
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7.3
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The charge (capacity) retention shall be determined by the following test. After charging in accordance with 7.1, the cell shall be stored on open circuit for 28 days. The average ambient temperature shall be 20 °C ± 2 °C. The temperature may be allowed to vary within the range of 20 °C ± 5 °C for short periods during the storage.
The cells shall be discharged under the conditions specified in 7.2.1 at a rate of 0,2 It A.
The duration of discharge after 28 days storage at 20 °C shall be not less than:
l 3 h for small prismatic cells and cylindrical cells;
l 3 h 45 min for button cells.
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Endurance in cycles
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7.4.1
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Prior to the endurance in cycles test, the cell shall be discharged at a constant current of 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The following endurance test shall then be carried out, irrespective of cell designation, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. Charge and discharge shall be carried out at constant current throughout, in accordance with the conditions specified in Tables 9,10, 11 and 12.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the cell-case temperature from rising above 35 °C during the test, by providing a forced air draught if necessary.
NOTE The actual cell temperature, not the ambient temperature, determines cell performance.
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7.4.1.1 Small prismatic, button and cylindrical cells
Table 9 – Endurance in cycles for small prismatic, button and cylindrical cells
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Stand in charged condition
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Discharge
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1
2-48
49
50
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0,10 It A for 16 h
0,25 It A for 3 h 10 min
0,25 It A for 3 h 10 min
0,10 It A for 16 h
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None
None
None
1 h to 4 h
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0,25 It A for 2 h 20 min a
0,25 It A for 2 h 20 min a
0,25 It A to 1,0 V
0,20 It A to 1,0 V b
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a If the cell voltage drops below 1,0 V, discharge may be discontinued.
b It is permissible to allow sufficient open-circuit rest time after the completion of discharge at cycle 50, so as to start cycle 51 at a convenient
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Cycles 1 to 50 shall be repeated until the discharge duration on any 50th cycle becomes less than 3 h. At this stage, a repeat capacity measurement as specified for cycle 50 shall be carried out.
The endurance test is considered complete when two such successive capacity cycles give a discharge duration of less than 3 h. The total number of cycles obtained when the test is completed shall be not less than:
l 500 for L/LR, M/MR, H/HR or X/XR cells;
l 50 for LT, MT or HT cells;
l 500 for button cells
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7.4.1.2 Cylindrical cells (accelerated test procedures)
In order to accelerate the test or to use cycling conditions approximating those in actual applications, one of the following alternative procedures relevant to the cell may be carried out as an alternative to 7.4.1.1.
7.4.1.2.1 H or X cells
Table 10 – Endurance in cycles for H or X cells
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Stand in
charged condition
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Discharge
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Total duration
including
subsequent rest
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1
2-48
49
50
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0,1 It A for 16 h
0.3 It A for 4h a
0.3 It A for4h a
0,1 It A for 16 h
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30 min
30 min
24 h
1 h to 4 h
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1,0 It A to 1,0 V
1,0 It A to 1,0 V
1,0 It A to 1,0 V
0,2 It A to 1,0 V
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90 min
90 min
90 min
b
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a Or appropriate charge termination, as recommended by the manufacturer.
b It is permissible to allow sufficient open-circuit rest time after the completion of discharge at cycle 50, so as to start cycle 51 at a convenient time. A similar procedure may be adopted at cycles 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450.
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Cycles 1 to 50 shall be repeated until the discharge duration to the final voltage of 1,0 V on any 49th cycle becomes less than 30 min or until the discharge duration to the final voltage of 1,0 V on any 50th cycle becomes less than 3 h. At this stage, a repeat capacity measurement as specified for cycle 50 shall be carried out and if the discharge time is less than 3 h again the test is terminated.
The total number of cycles obtained when the test is completed shall be not less than 500.
7.4.1.2.2 X cells
Table 11 – Endurance in cycles for X cells
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Stand in
charged condition
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Discharge
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Conditions
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Total duration
including
subsequent rest
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1
2-48
49
50
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0,1 It A for 16 h
1,0 It A for 1 h a
1,0 It A for 1 h a
0,1 It A for 16 h
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30 min
30 min
24 h
1 h to 4 h
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5,0 It A to 0,8 V
5,0 It A to 0,8 V
5,0 It A to 0,8 V
0,2 It A to 1,0 V
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42 min
42 min
42 min
b
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a Or appropriate charge termination, as recommended by the manufacturer.
b It is permissible to allow sufficient open-circuit rest time after the completion of discharge at cycle 50, so as to start cycle 51 at a convenient time. A similar procedure may be adopted at cycles 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450.
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Cycles 1 to 50 shall be repeated until the discharge duration to the final voltage of 0,8 V on any 49th cycle becomes less than 5 min or until the discharge duration to the final voltage of 1,0 V on any 50th cycle becomes less than 3 h. At this stage, a repeat capacity measurement as specified for cycle 50 shall be carried out and if the discharge time is less than 3 h again the test is terminated.
The total number of cycles obtained when the test is completed shall be not less than 500.
7.4.1.2.3 HR or XR cells
Table 12 – Endurance in cycles for HR or XR cells
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Stand in
charged condition
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Discharge
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Conditions
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Total duration
including
subsequent rest
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1
2-48
49
50
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0,1 It A for 16 h
1,0 It A for a
1,0 It A for a
1,0 It A for a
plus 0,1 It A for 2 h
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30 min
30 min
24 h
1 h to 4 h
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1,0 It A to 1,0 V
1,0 It A to 1,0 V
1,0 It A to 1,0 V
0,2 It A to 1,0 V
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90 min
90 min
90 min
b
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a With appropriate charge termination, as recommended by the manufacturer, for example use -ÄV or ÄT/Ät control method.
b It is permissible to allow sufficient open-circuit rest time after the completion of discharge at cycle 50, so as to start cycle 51 at a convenient time. A similar procedure may be adopted at cycles 100, 150, 200, 250, 300,350, 400 and 450.
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Cycles 1 to 50 shall be repeated until the discharge duration to the final voltage of 1,0 V on any 49th cycle becomes less than 30 min or until the discharge duration to the final voltage of 1,0 V on any 50th cycle becomes less than 3 h. At this stage, a repeat capacity measurement as specified for cycle 50 shall be carried out and if the discharge time is less than 3 h again the test is terminated.
The total number of cycles obtained when the test is completed shall be not less than 500.
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Permanent charge endurance
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7.4.2
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7.4.2.1 Small prismatic and button cells
There is no requirement for permanent charge endurance tests on small prismatic and button cells.
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7.4.2.2 L, M, H or X cylindrical cells
Prior to this test, the cell shall be discharged at 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The following permanent charge endurance test shall be carried out in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. Charge and discharge shall be carried out at constant current throughout, using the conditions specified in Table 13.
Table 13 – Permanent charge endurance for L, M, H or X cells
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Cycle number
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Charge
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Discharge a
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1
2
3
4
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0,05 It A for 91 days
0,05 It A for 91 days
0,05 It A for 91 days
0,05 It A for 91 days
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0,2 It A to 1,0 V
0,2 It A to 1,0 V
0,2 It A to 1,0 V
0,2 It A to 1,0 V
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a The discharge is carried out immediately on completion of charging.
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Precautions shall be taken to prevent cell-case temperature from rising above 25 °C during the test by providing a forced air draught if necessary.
The discharge duration at cycle 4 shall be not less than 3 h.
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7.4.2.3 LT, MT or HT cylindrical cells
The permanent charge endurance test shall be performed in three steps according to the conditions specified in Table 14.
It consists of:
l a charge acceptance test at +40 °C;
l an ageing period of six months at +70 °C;
l a final charge acceptance test to check the cell's performance after ageing.
NOTE The temperature of +70 °C has been selected to simulate four years of permanent charge operation at +40 °C.
Prior to this test, the cell shall be discharged at 20 °C ± 5 °C, at 0,2 It A, to a final voltage of 1,0 V and stored, in an ambient temperature of +40 °C ± 2 °C, for not less than 16 h and not more than 24 h.
The cell shall then be charged and discharged at constant currents under the conditions specified in Table 14 while maintained in an ambient temperature of +40 °C ± 2 °C or +70 °C ± 2 °C as appropriate.
The discharge conditions A or B may be chosen to suit the user's requirements. The discharge is carried out immediately on completion of charging.
After performing the first charge acceptance test at +40 °C the cell is stored in an ambient temperature of +70 °C ± 2 °C for not less than 16 h and not more than 24 h.
During the ageing period of six months at +70 °C, precautions shall be taken to prevent the cell-case temperature from rising above +75 °C, by providing a forced air draught, if necessary.
NOTE The actual cell case temperature, not the ambient temperature, determines cell performance.
The discharge duration of the three cycles at +70 °C shall be recorded. Leakage of electrolyte shall not occur during this test.
After completion of the ageing period, the cell shall be stored in an ambient temperature of +40 °C ± 2 °C for not less than 16 h and not more than 24 h. The three cycles at +40 °C of the initial charge acceptance test are then repeated using the conditions specified in Table 14.
The duration of discharge shall be not less than the values specified in Table 14.
Table 14 – Permanent charge endurance for LT, MT or HT cells
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Cycle
numbe
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Ambient
temperature
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Charge
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Discharge A or B a
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Minimum discharge duration
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1
2
3
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+40 °C ± 2 °C
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0,05 It A for 48 h
0,05 It A for 24 h
0,05 It A for 24 h
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A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
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No requirement
No requirement
3 h 45 min
42 min
3 h 45 min
42 min
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4
5
6
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+70 °C ± 2 °C
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0,05 It A for 60 days
0,05 It A for 60 days
0,05 It A for 60 days
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A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
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No requirement
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7
8
9
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+40 °C ± 2 °C
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0,05 It A for 48 h
0,05 It A for 24 h
0,05 It A for 24 h
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A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
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No requirement
No requirement
2 h 30 min
24 min
2 h 30 min
24 min
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a A: for LT, MT or HT cells.
B: for MT or HT cells only.
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Charge acceptance at constant voltage
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7.5
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This standard does not specify a charge acceptance test at constant voltage.
Charging at constant voltage is not recommended.
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Overcharge
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7.6
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7.6.1 Small prismatic, L, M, H or X cylindrical, and button cells
The ability of the cell to withstand an overcharge shall be determined by the following test.
Prior to this test, the cell shall be discharged at 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A, down to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The cell shall then be charged, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,1 It A for 48 h. After this charging operation, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h.
The cell shall then be discharged at 20 °C ± 5 °C at a constant current of 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The duration of discharge shall be not less than 5 h.
7.6.2 LT, MT or HT cylindrical cells
The ability of the cell to withstand an overcharge shall be determined by the following test
performed at 0 °C ± 2 °C in circulating air.
Prior to this test, the cell shall be discharged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C
at 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V and stored, at 0 °C ± 2 °C, for not less than 16 h and not
more than 24 h.
Charge and discharge shall be carried out at constant current, using the conditions specified
in Table 15. The discharge condition A or B may be chosen to suit the user's requirements.
Table 15 – Overcharge at 0 °C
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Charge
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Discharge A a
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Discharge B a
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LT, MT, HT cells
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MT, HT cells
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0,05 It A for 28 days
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0,2 It A to 1,0 V
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1,0 It A to 0,9 V
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a The discharge is carried out immediately on completion of charging.
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The duration of discharge shall be not less than that specified in Table 7.
7.6.3 R cylindrical cells
The ability of the cell to withstand an overcharge shall be determined by the following test.
Prior to this test, the cell shall be discharged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A, to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The cell shall be charged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C at a constant current of 1,0 It A for 1,2 h or other appropriate charge termination such as -ÄV or as recommended by the manufacturer. Then charging should be continued in the same ambient temperature at a constant current of 0,1 It A for 48 h. After this charging operation, the cell shall be stored, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, for not less than 1 h and not more than 4 h.
The cell shall then be discharged at 20 °C ± 5 °C at a constant current of 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V.
The duration of discharge shall be not less than 5 h.
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Safety device operation
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7.7
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The following test shall be carried out in order to establish that the safety device of the cell will operate to allow the escape of gas when the internal pressure exceeds a critical value.
NOTE Some button cells do not have a safety vent. This test should not be performed on this type of cell.
The cell shall undergo a forced discharge in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A, to a final voltage of 0 V.
The current shall then be increased to 1,0 It A and the forced discharge continued in the same ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, for 60 min.
During and at the end of this discharge, the cell shall not disrupt or burst. Leakage of electrolyte and deformation of the cell are acceptable.
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Storage
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7.8
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Storage should be carried out according to the recommendations of the manufacturer.
Prior to this test, the cell shall be discharged, in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A, to a final voltage of 1,0 V. It shall then be charged in accordance with:
l 7.1 for button cells, small prismatic cells, L, M, H, X, LT, MT or HT cylindrical cells;
l 7.2.3 for R cylindrical cells
The cell shall then be stored on open circuit, at a mean temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and a relative humidity of 65 % ± 20 % for 12 months.
During the storage period, the ambient temperature shall not, at any time, fluctuate beyond the limits of 20 °C ± 10 °C.
After completion of the storage period, the cell shall be discharged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 It A, to a final voltage of 1,0 V and then charged in accordance with:
l 7.1 for button cells, small prismatic cells, L, M, H, X, LT, MT or HT cylindrical cells;
l 7.2.3 for R cylindrical cells.
The cell shall then be discharged at each rate of constant current appropriate to cell designation as specified in 7.2.1. Five cycles are permitted for this test. The test shall be terminated at the end of the first cycle which meets the requirement.
The minimum discharge duration for each rate of constant current shall be not less than 80% of the values specified in Tables 5 or 6.
NOTE In the case of a quality acceptance procedure, provisional approval of cell performance may be agreed, pending satisfactory results on discharge after storage.
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Charge acceptance at +55 °C for LT, MT or HT cylindrical cells
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7.9
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This test is not a requirement. It will be used as reference of performance and is applicable
to LT, MT or HT cylindrical cells only.
The cell shall be discharged in an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C at a constant current
of 0,2 It A to a final voltage of 1,0 V and stored in an ambient temperature of +55 °C ± 2 °C
for not less than 16 h and not more than 24 h.
The charge acceptance test shall then be carried out in an ambient temperature
of +55 °C ± 2 °C. Charge and discharge shall be carried out at constant currents, using the
conditions specified in Table 16. The discharge conditions A or B may be chosen to suit
the users’ requirements.
Table 16 – Charge and discharge at +55 °C
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Cycle number D
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Charge
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ischarge A or B a
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1
2 b
3 b
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0,05 It A for 48 h
0,05 It A for 24 h
0,05 It A for 24 h
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A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
A: 0,2 It A to 1,0 V or
B: 1,0 It A to 1,0 V
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a Discharge A is used with LT, MT or HT cells. Discharge B is used with MT or HT cells.
b The duration of discharge of cycles 2 and 3 shall be recorded and provided in any report of results.
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